信用證付款方式在國際貿易中應為最為廣泛,而來自世界各個地區和國家的信用證也是各不相同。
所以,熟悉并了解各種不同類型的信用證是外貿業務員的必修課,對信用證里的各種特殊奇葩條款的透徹了解和掌握是順利結匯和安全收匯的必要保證。
其實信用證的關鍵就在于正確理解并執行信用證中的關鍵條款即如下列條款,貓熊哥列出如下,希望大家多看多分析反復理解,每次理解都有新的領悟:
注:前面的數字或數字加字母是SWIFT信用證的M700和M701格式的代碼,后面紅色的括號內文字是貓熊哥給大家解釋前面代碼所代表的意思。
27(電文頁次): 1/1
共一頁
40A(跟單信用證類型): irrevocable transferable
不可撤銷可轉讓信用證
20(信用證編號): TER38999999
信用證號:TER38999999
31C(開證日期):151110
2015年11月10日。
40E(適用的規則): UCP latest version
UCP最新版本
31D(有效地點和日期): 160202 the P.R.of China
2016年2月2日在中華人民共和國到期。
50(申請人):Mealinah Textil Gmbh Kagteftswy 3/1 F 5032 Duesseldorf
開證申請人::Mealinah Textil Gmbh Kagteftswy 3/1 F 5032 Duesseldorf
59(受益人): ABC Export + Import Co. Ltd. XXf intel't Centre No.XXX East Huanhai Road,Yantai/the P.R.of China
受益人(出口商):ABC進出口有限公司,中國煙臺環海東路 XXX國際中心 XX層。
32B(幣種,金額): USD556666
總金額:556666美元
41A(指定的銀行及付款方式:注意,這就是限制議付信用證的標志): PCBCCNBJIYTX
by negotiation
PCBCCNBJIYTX:建設銀行煙臺分行(的SWIFT代碼)
議付
43P(分批裝運): allowed
允許分批裝運
43T(轉船):allowed
允許轉船
44A(裝船,發運和接收監管的地點): the P.R.of China.
中華人民共和國
注:如果信用證規定了裝貨港及/或卸貨港的地理區或范圍(如本信用證“中華人民共和國”),則提單必須表明實際的裝港及/或卸貨港,而且該港口必須位于信用證規定的地理區域或范圍之內
比如:可以這么寫DALIAN The P.R. of China.
44B(貨物發運的最終目的港/地): Hamburg, Frankfurt or Duesseldorf.
漢堡,法蘭克福,或杜塞爾多夫。
44D(裝運日期): see under field 45A.
參見以下欄45A
45A(貨物與服務描述):Girls' sweat pants
女孩運動長褲
+ Delivery terms: CFR Hamburg by sea or CFR Frankfurt or Desseldorf by air.
交貨條款:CFR漢堡(海運)或CFR法蘭克福 或杜塞爾多夫(空運)
46A(所需單據):1. Signed commercial invoice,6-fold.
商業發票1式6份,并須簽署
注:UCPDE600 第17款規定:如果信用證使用諸如“一式兩份(in duplicate)" 兩份 (in two fold)”, “兩套(in two copies)”等用語要求提交多份單據,則提交至少一份正本,其余使用副本即可滿足,除非單據本身另有說明。
2. Full set clean on board clean bill of lading or an airway bill, made out to the order of negotiating bank in the P.R.of China and endorsed to the L/C opening bank, notify applicant and marked "freight prepaid"
全套清潔已裝船海運提單或空運單,做成“憑中華人民共和國議付行指示 (to the order of negotiating bank in the P.R.of China)” 背書給本信用證的開證行,通知方為申請人,并注明“運費預付”
注:endorsed to the L/C opening bank:是記名背書,背書給本信用證的開證行。
3. Cert. of origin issued by the Chamber of Commerce or other competent authority.
產地證由商會出具或其他主管當局出具。
4.Original export license issued by export promotion bureau, indicating in box 4 relative category No:4.
正本出口許可證由出口促進局簽發,并在方框4標注相應的類別:4。
注:export license 商品出口許可證,必須在領取許可證之后方可辦理出口。
5. Inspection certificate issued by MEALINAH TEXTIL GMBH and singed by MR.SAFRAE GARA and by MR. B.N.SARDO certifying that the goods are in order and in accordance with the samples approved by applicant.
檢驗證書由 MEALINAH TEXTIL GMBH 出具并由 SAFRAE GARA 和 . B.N.SARDO 先生簽署,證實貨物完好并與申請人認可的樣品一致。
特別提醒注意:本條款須注意是否含有“軟條款”。商品的檢驗一般來說應該由權威機構進行而非個人,實質上本信用證在取得所述證書之前并未生效,
換一句話說,本信用證只有在取得由上述兩個先生簽字的并證實合格的檢驗證書后,你才能議付,這時信用證才是真正有效。
所以,這個信用證就是含有軟條款的信用證,如果一切OK,是可以順利結匯的,
但是,一旦國外市場有波動,客戶認為他進口后無利可圖,或者進口商破產,那時,上面的兩位檢驗先生可能不出現,或者以各種理由不簽署檢驗證書,你就無法議付了,這時的信用證就是一張廢紙。
所以,不是萬不得已,不是合作多年的老客戶,大客戶,千萬不要同意這樣含有軟條款的信用證。
6. Packing list.
裝箱單一份。
47A(附加條件): + Any set of documents containing discrepancies and presented to us under this documentary credit, will be charged with a fee of EUR120.00 or equivalent at final payment to cover the extra work involved. This charge is for account of beneficiary and will be deducted from any amounts to be paid.
本信用證項下單證如含有不符點并向我行提示,在最終付款時將被收取120歐元(或等額)以支付相關的費用,本費用由受益人承擔并從所付的金額中扣除。
+The bill of lading has to be issued by the actual carrier or by their authorized agent of carrier letterhead and has to bear a complete shipped on board remark, i.e. actual date of lading on board.duly signed.
提單須由實際承運人或附有承運人信頭的授權代理人簽發,同時須載有完整的“已裝船”批注,比如,裝船的實際日期,并須簽署。
注意:本提單條款含有若干特殊規定,提單須有承運人抬頭,提單須簽署,同時載有“已裝船”批注。
+The airway bill has to be issued by an authorized agent of a forwarder,It has to bear i.e. the place of departure, the place of arrival, the airway bill No. the carrier and flight No., the execution date and a stamp of the forwarder.
空運單須由運輸行授權代理人出具,同時須載有,比如,出發地點,到達地點,空運單號,承運人及航班號,簽立日期以及運輸行的印章。
注意:airway bill 空運單,須注意與提單在功能上的差別,航空貨運單是托運人和承運人間訂立的運輸合同的證明,同時也是貨物運輸的憑證,它與海運提單不同,不是貨物所有權的憑證。
+The negotiating bank has to send all documents to applicant bank by courier service,These documents have to reach applicant bank within 18 days after shipment date.
議付行須通過快件方式向申請人銀行寄送全部單證,本單證須在開船日后的18天之內到達申請人銀行。
注意:交單的時間限制條款。UCPDC600 第3條規定:使用“在...之后(after)” 用于確定發運日期時不包含提及的日期。本句的意思就是18天不包含提單日期那一天。
注意:另一種47A的例子如下:
47A(附加條款):+ This documentary credit is payable at sight for full invoice value of goods
+本跟單信用證按貨物發票全額即期付款。
//Beneficiaries' address details:
受益人詳細地址如下:
N0.XX Jing-Si Rd, Suzhou Economical and Technical Development Zone, Suzhou, China.
中國蘇州經濟技術開發區靜思路,XX號。
+ +/-5 percent in amount and quantity acceptable.
+金額和數量的百分之五增減可以接受
+Third party shipper documents acceptable.
+第三方托運人單證可以接受
+Insurance to be covered by ultimate buyer.
+保險由最終買家承保
+All documents must mention FROMACA order(s) No.
+所有單據必須注明FORMACA 訂單號碼
+Shipment to be effected within the week of the mentioned date under description of goods.
+貨物需在商品描述中所述的日期的周內裝運
Week to be considered as from Monday to Sunday of that week
“周”即為從那周的周一至周日。
+Applicant
+申請人
This DC issued by order of FORMACA SA SUISSE on behalf and for account of HTMI Sa, Route De lancuro, Ch-1-20 Ecublens, Swizerland, Tel:0041 21 755 1234, Fax:0041 21 755 1235.
本信用證奉FORMACA SA SUISSE之命開立,代表HTMI SA, ROUTE DE LANCURO,1-20 ECUBLENS, SWITZERLAND, 電話0041 21 755 1234, 傳真:0041 21 755 1235.
+All documents must be issued in the name of consignee: HTMI SA Route De Lancuro,1-20 Ecublens, Swizerland, Tel:0041 21 755 1234, Fax:0041 21 755 1235.
+所有單證須以收貨人的名字出具(抬頭人)HTMI SA, ROUTE DE LANCURO,1-20 ECUBLENS, SWITZERLAND, 電話0041 21 755 1234, 傳真:0041 21 755 1235.
+In case of non-compliance with shipment schedule, a penalty will be deducted from the beneficiary's payment without the prior authorization or approval of the beneficiary or the negotiation bank:
+如果與裝運進度不相符合,我行在沒有征得受益人或者議付行事先授權或同意的情況下,將從受益人的付款中扣除罰金:
Lateness of delivery is subject to delay penalty calculated in calendar days, It is the difference between the date indicated on the purchase order form or its amendments (show as "delivery latest date" in the current documentary credit) and the actual date observed at the time of delivery (transport document):
遲交付的延遲罰金將按日歷日計算。遲交付即為兩者天數之差;購買合同或其修改合同上所指定日期(本跟單信用證顯示為“最遲交貨期”)和交貨時(運輸單證上)實際日期:
(1)1 to 7 calendar days incl.,3 percent of the total invoice will be deducted,
1至7個日歷日(包括7天),扣減發票總金額的3%
(2) 8 to 14 calendar days incl.,6 percent f the total invoice will be deducted,
8至14個日歷日(包括14天),扣減發票總金額的6%
(3)15 to 21 calendar days incl.,9 percent of the total invoie will be deducted.
15至21個日歷日(包括21天),扣減發票總金額的9%。
(4)Starting from 22 calendar days incl. 9 percent of total upward of delay an additional of 1 percent of total invoice amount for each period of 2 days started will be deducted.
從22個日歷日(包括22),延遲額超過發票金額的9%以上,每間隔2天將扣減發票發票總金額的1%
+Shipment to Swizerland Via Antwerp, Belgium or Rotterdam, Neherlands is acceptable.
+經由比利時安特衛普或賀蘭鹿特丹運至瑞士可以接受。
71B(費用情況): All commissions, charges and interest outside Germany are for beneficiary's account.
德國境外的一切傭金,雜費以及利息均由受益人承擔。
48(交單期限): 12 days after date of shipment but wihin the validity of this credit.
裝船日后的12天,但須在本信用證有效期內。
49(保兌指示 Confirmation Instruction):without.
無保兌
78(對付款/承兌/議付銀行的指示):On receipt of full set of documents in compliance with the terms and conditions of this credit we shall remit the proceeds as requested by you.
一收到與本信用證條款相符的全套單證,我行將根據你方請求向你方匯款。
Please forward documents to Commerzbank Ag, Filiale Duesseldort, Breite Str,25, 5033 Dessekdorf by courier service in one lot quoting our credit num.TER38999999
請通過快件方式一次性地將單證寄送到:Commerzbank Ag, Filiale Duesseldort, Breite Str,25, 5033 Dessekdorf,同時須注明我信用證號碼TER38999999